Particular facts are never scientific; only generalization can establish science.
CLAUDE BERNARDArt is ‘I’; science is ‘we’.
More Claude Bernard Quotes
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We must alter theory to adapt it to nature, but not nature to adapt it to theory.
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In teaching man, experimental science results in lessening his pride more and more by proving to him every day that primary causes, like the objective reality of things, will be hidden from him forever and that he can only know relations.
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Science increases our power in proportion as it lowers our pride.
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The terrain is everything; the germ is nothing.
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The stability of the internal medium is a primary condition for the freedom and independence of certain living bodies in relation to the environment surrounding them.
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The investigator should have a robust faith – and yet not believe.
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The doubter is a true man of science: he doubts only himself and his interpretations, but he believes in science.
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A great discovery is a fact whose appearance in science gives rise to shining ideas, whose light dispels many obscurities and shows us new paths.
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The eloquence of a scientist is clarity; scientific truth is always more luminous when its beauty is unadorned than when it is tricked out in the embellishments with which our imagination would seek to clothe it.
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The minds that rise and become really great are never self-satisfied, but still continue to strive.
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We must never make experiments to confirm our ideas, but simply to control them.
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Those who have an excessive faith in their theories or in their ideas are not only poorly disposed to make discoveries, but they also make very poor observations.
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A contemporary poet has characterized this sense of the personality of art and of the impersonality of science in these words,-‘Art is myself; science is ourselves. ‘
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Men who believe too firmly in their theories, do not believe enough in the theories of others. So these despisers of their fellows make experiments only to destroy a theory, instead of to seek the truth.
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A fact in itself is nothing. It is valuable only for the idea attached to it, or for the proof which it furnishes.
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With the aid of these active experimental sciences man becomes an inventor of phenomena, a real foreman of creation; and under this head we cannot set limits to the power that he may gain over nature through future progress of the experimental sciences.
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In the philosophic sense, observation shows and experiment teaches.
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It is what we know already that often prevents us from learning.
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The goal of scientific physicians in their own science … is to reduce the indeterminate. Statistics therefore apply only to cases in which the cause of the facts observed is still indeterminate.
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Science admits no exceptions; otherwise there would be no determinism in science, or rather, there would be no science.
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Feeling alone guides the mind.
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Well-observed facts, though brought to light by passing theories, will never die; they are the material on which alone the house of science will at last be built.
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Our ideas are only intellectual instruments which we use to break into phenomena; we must change them when they have served their purpose, as we change a blunt lancet that we have used long enough.
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The true worth of an experimenter consists in his pursuing not only what he seeks in his experiment, but also what he did not seek.
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Effects vary with the conditions which bring them to pass, but laws do not vary. Physiological and pathological states are ruled by the same forces; they differ only because of the special conditions under which the vital laws manifest themselves.
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First causes are outside the realm of science.
CLAUDE BERNARD