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A man provided with paper, pencil, and rubber, and subject to strict discipline, is in effect a universal machine.

Alan Turing

No, I’m not interested in developing a powerful brain. All I’m after is just a mediocre brain, something like the President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
ALAN TURING

Development Myself Powerful
Up to a point, it is better to just let the snags [bugs] be there than to spend such time in design that there are none.
ALAN TURING

Design Technology Time
Codes are a puzzle. A game, just like any other game.
ALAN TURING

Game Technology
A very large part of space-time must be investigated, if reliable results are to be obtained.
ALAN TURING

Result Space Time
One day ladies will take their computers for walks in the park and tell each other, “My little computer said such a funny thing this morning”.
ALAN TURING

Funny Future Morning Technology Walk Woman
A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human.
ALAN TURING

Believe Human Intelligence Technology
Science is a differential equation. Religion is a boundary condition.
ALAN TURING

Boundary Mathematics Religion Science
I’m afraid that the following syllogism may be used by some in the future. Turing believes machines think Turing lies with men Therefore machines do not think Yours in distress, Alan.
ALAN TURING

Future Lie Myself Scare Yourself
Programming is a skill best acquired by practice and example rather than from books.
ALAN TURING

Book Practice Skill Technology
We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.
ALAN TURING

Distance Need Travel Work
I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.
ALAN TURING

Believe Education End Expectation Oneself Thinking Word
Do you know why people like violence? It is because it feels good. Humans find violence deeply satisfying. But remove the satisfaction, and the act becomes hollow.
ALAN TURING

Act Feeling Goodness People Satisfaction Violence
Mathematical reasoning may be regarded.
ALAN TURING

Mathematics Reason
The original question, ‘Can machines think?’ I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion.
ALAN TURING

Believe Deserve Technology Thinking
A man provided with paper, pencil, and rubber, and subject to strict discipline, is in effect a universal machine.
ALAN TURING

Discipline Education Men
If a machine is expected to be infallible, it cannot also be intelligent.
ALAN TURING

Expectation Hope Intelligence Technology

A man provided with paper, pencil, and rubber, and subject to strict discipline, is in effect a universal machine.

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A man provided with paper, pencil, and rubber, and subject to strict discipline, is in effect a universal machine.

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