Theories are like a stairway; by climbing, science widens its horizon more and more, because theories embody and necessarily include proportionately more facts as they advance.
CLAUDE BERNARDIn the philosophic sense, observation shows and experiment teaches.
More Claude Bernard Quotes
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A great discovery is a fact whose appearance in science gives rise to shining ideas, whose light dispels many obscurities and shows us new paths.
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In teaching man, experimental science results in lessening his pride more and more by proving to him every day that primary causes, like the objective reality of things, will be hidden from him forever and that he can only know relations.
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A man of science rises ever, in seeking truth; and if he never finds it in its wholeness, he discovers nevertheless very significant fragments; and these fragments of universal truth are precisely what constitutes science.
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The investigator should have a robust faith – and yet not believe.
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The better educated we are and the more acquired information we have, the better prepared shall we find our minds for making great and fruitful discoveries.
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Mediocre men often have the most acquired knowledge.
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The experimenter who does not know what he is looking for will not understand what he finds.
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The great experimental principle, then, is doubt, that philosophic doubt which leaves to the mind its freedom and initiative, and from which the virtues most valuable to investigators in physiology and medicine are derived.
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In the philosophic sense, observation shows and experiment teaches.
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Art is ‘I’; science is ‘we’.
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The goal of scientific physicians in their own science … is to reduce the indeterminate. Statistics therefore apply only to cases in which the cause of the facts observed is still indeterminate.
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We must keep our freedom of mind, and must believe that in nature what is absurd, according to our theories, is not always impossible.
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The terrain is everything; the germ is nothing.
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Science increases our power in proportion as it lowers our pride.
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In science, the best precept is to alter and exchange our ideas as fast as science moves ahead.
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Hatred is the most clear- sighted, next to genius.
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We must never make experiments to confirm our ideas, but simply to control them.
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The science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen.
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When entering on new ground we must not be afraid to express even risky ideas so as to stimulate research in all directions. As Priestley put it, we must not remain inactive through false modesty based on fear of being mistaken.
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Those who do not know the torment of the unknown cannot have the joy of discovery.
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Well-observed facts, though brought to light by passing theories, will never die; they are the material on which alone the house of science will at last be built.
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Effects vary with the conditions which bring them to pass, but laws do not vary. Physiological and pathological states are ruled by the same forces; they differ only because of the special conditions under which the vital laws manifest themselves.
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We must never make experiments to confirm our ideas, but simply to control them.
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Mediocre men often have the most acquired knowledge. It is in the darker. It is in the darker regions of science that great men are recognized; they are marked by ideas which light up phenomena hitherto obscure and carry science forward.
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Science does not permit exceptions.
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The joy of discovery is certainly the liveliest that the mind of man can ever feel.
CLAUDE BERNARD